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Pedro Figueiredo28/01/2025, 09:30
We investigate the constraints and phenomenology of the $Z_2\times Z'_2$ symmetric Three Higgs Doublet Model, focusing on a framework with two inert scalars as suitable dark matter candidates. Our study includes an analysis of the vacuum structure and evaluation of the model against all theoretical and experimental constraints. We expand the analysis to unexplored regions in parameter space,...
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Pedro Esperanço28/01/2025, 09:42
Heavy ion collisions create a region of extreme energy density near the collision point where quarks and gluons behave as nearly free particles. This state of matter is called quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The QGP is very challenging to study since it is extremely short lived and never reaches the detector. However, by analysing jets created at the same time as the QGP, that do reach the detector...
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Margarida Rodrigues28/01/2025, 09:54
The Thermal Spray (Plasma) coating process is a widely adopted technique for enhancing the performance and durability of critical engine parts, offering superior resistance to wear, corrosion and high-temperature environments. However, a recurring defect, delamination at the edges of test specimens, has been observed, where the coating separates from the substrate. This issue compromises the...
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Inês Freitas (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2025, 10:06
Firefighters operate in adverse and hazardous conditions, facing smoke, toxic gases and high temperatures, and risking physical exhaustion and emotional stress. Additionally, connectivity issues often hinder timely risk and health assessments, as well as the management of teams and resources, compromising the efficiency and effectiveness of firefighting strategies.
This project focuses on...
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Tiago Jorge (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2025, 11:00
The last decades saw substantial progress in understanding the equilibrium phases and phase transitions of low-temperature quantum matter. These so-called quantum phase transitions host genuine quantum coherent phenomena that may display exotic properties and phase transitions whose universality classes differ from those of classical systems. However, certain systems — namely electronic...
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João Barbosa28/01/2025, 11:12
Audio storage has evolved significantly, from analog phonographs to digital formats like CDs and audio files. Among these, magnetic tape has played a pivotal role, offering high-fidelity sound, rewritability, and adaptability for both personal and professional use. Magnetic tape recordings form a substantial part of the world’s cultural heritage, preserving iconic music and valuable historical...
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Inês Santos (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2025, 11:24
The design and modeling of a plasma reactor for the conversion of CO₂ into O₂ offers a novel and sustainable approach to addressing the increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere. By utilizing plasma-assisted processes and oxygen-conducting membranes, the project investigates the potential to split CO₂ into its base components, enabling the production of a continuous oxygen...
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Inês Martins (LIP)28/01/2025, 11:36
The interaction of very-high-energy gamma rays and cosmic rays with the Earth’s atmosphere leads to the production of cascading particle events known as Extensive Air Showers (EAS). The aim of my project is to use state-of-the-art simulations to characterize shower features at the ground and connect them to the longitudinal development of the shower, with a focus on identifying anomalous...
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Tomás Baltazar28/01/2025, 11:48
The primary objective of the SNO+ experiment is to detect the neutrinoless double beta decay, a process that, if observed, would revolutionize our understanding of neutrino physics. Achieving this goal requires very low background levels. One significant source of background arises from pile-up events, which occur when two decays happen within the same trigger window and are reconstructed as a...
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Manuel Abreu (LIP)28/01/2025, 12:00
Neutrinoless double beta decay is a process that could give very strong evidence about the majorana nature of neutrinos. SNO+ (Sudbury Neutrino Observatory) will begin its search in the Fall of 2025, where it will add Tellurium into the scintillator. This analysis comes right before adding the Tellurium. It aims to study and identify the all the events in the region of interest, which are...
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João Tavares (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2025, 12:12
The world is facing an urgent challenge: the need for sustainable and clean energy solutions. Highways, with their vast and underutilised infrastructure, present an innovative opportunity through the integration of photovoltaic panels.
In this work, I employed YOLO, a state-of-the-art computer vision algorithm, to automatically detect and identify highway structures and evaluate their...
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Margarida Pereira28/01/2025, 13:30
The main objective of this project is the development of reduced models for plasma dynamics, formulated as partial differential equations derived from particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, with a focus on the yet unexplored regime of relativistic plasmas. The development of these models will enable the inclusion of phenomena that can only be captured by kinetic dynamics in fluid models.
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João Biu (IST)28/01/2025, 13:42
Plasmas compose most of the visible universe. Understanding their dynamics could lead to advances in fields such as nuclear fusion and particle acceleration, but this is not a trivial task. The multi-scale nature of plasmas makes studying them extremely difficult since behavior at microscopic scales can influence the macroscopic dynamics of the system, and the opposite can also happen. This is...
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Mafalda Rodrigues28/01/2025, 13:54
In a context where the transition to sustainable energy is crucial, nuclear fusion appears as a promising solution, capable of generating a lot of energy in a clean and sustainable way. One of the main challenges of nuclear fusion in tokamaks is controlling the shape and position of the plasma, allowing the optimization of the process and preventing the plasma from touching the walls,...
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Marco Costa (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2025, 14:06
Astrophysical collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in the Universe and are observed to amplify magnetic fields and accelerate electrons and protons to highly relativistic speeds in a variety of places, from supernova remnants to active galactic nuclei. In the well-established model of diffusive shock acceleration, electrons are accelerated by multiple shock front crossings; however, this...
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João Cândido (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2025, 14:18
The ability to efficiently model highly magnetized plasmas is critical for the study of both astrophysical processes and magnetic fusion devices. However, resolving the high gyrofrequencies associated with these plasmas from first-principles is computationally demanding. In this work, we explore the use of a guiding center approximation (GCA) to relax the demanding resolutions required,...
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Vasco Santos28/01/2025, 14:30
In this work, the potential of the use of magnetic interface systems in bidimensional graphene for information propagation is studied, through an hydrodynamical approach, that also involves important theoretical concepts of topology, plasma physics and fluid dynamics. A characterization of the system is performed through the calculation of the Chern numbers of the different frequency bands of...
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Armando Gonçalves28/01/2025, 14:42
We live in an era shaped by groundbreaking technologies, but there was a time when tools like ChatGPT or even the personal computers we now rely on to search the web did not exist. These innovations didn’t simply appear; they are the result of collective effort and years of development to reach the sophistication we see today. In the context of plasma physics, it is tempting to assume we...
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Miguel Pereira (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2025, 14:54
Tokamak research has long used the H-mode to attempt to achieve the conditions necessary for fusion energy, but it is plagued by Edge Localized modes (ELMs) which disrupt confinement and represent a hazard to plasma facing components. The EDA H-mode is a promising regime which lacks these ELMs, and thus warrants research in its viability of use for large scale machines like ITER and DEMO. The...
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David Dias (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2025, 15:06
The search for ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrinos has garnered significant attention. These neutrinos are not only expected if the composition of UHE cosmic rays includes protons at the highest energies, but they are also anticipated if hadronic processes occur during the acceleration of these particles. UHE neutrinos are expected to be produced, escape from their astrophysical accelerators...
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Bernardo Picão28/01/2025, 15:18
Understanding exotic QCD matter from first principles has seemed, for the past 50 years, like an intractable problem. The well-established field of Lattice QCD, invented by K. Wilson in the 70s, has proved to be a powerful tool to study this systems, by implementing QCD numerically, via an ab initio, non-perturbative approach.
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In this talk, we will explain the basics of LQCD, see how to... -
Gonçalo Barreto28/01/2025, 16:00
The objective of this project is to use a Σ(36) potential, select a specific VEV, and activate one of the soft-breaking parameters that does not preserve the chosen VEV alignment. The goal is to develop a method to minimize the potential and identify its minima. With this new VEV, the mass matrix of the Higgs sector will change, allowing the determination of the masses of the physical...
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Gonçalo Machado Ribeiro (LIP)28/01/2025, 16:12
In 2021, cancer was the second leading cause of death in the European Union, representing more than 20% of the total number of fatalities, according to Eurostat. Even though there are several treatment options, such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, there is no single, fully effective treatment.
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Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most used therapies worldwide, accounting for more than... -
Bruna Lima (LIP/IST)28/01/2025, 16:24
Understanding the lunar radiation environment is critical for ensuring astronaut safety and mission success in upcoming ESA's lunar exploration programs such as Artemis and the Lunar Gateway. This study presents the development of the detailed Lunar Energetic Radiation Environment Model (dLEREM), a Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation tool designed to assess radiation exposure on the Moon....
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Bruno Semião28/01/2025, 16:36
The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) processes an extraordinary 60 terabytes of data every second in its endeavor to identify the most fundamental blocks that compose our universe. As the LHC approaches its High Luminosity Upgrade in 2030, the number of collisions per bunch crossing will increase from $\sim$54 to 200. This will significantly increase the data volume and...
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Marta Simões28/01/2025, 16:48
Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of mutated cells that spread to other tissues and organs. Proton beams are effective in treating deep, radioresistant tumors close to sensitive organs. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) makes it possible to locate beta+ emitters produced in nuclear reactions between the proton and the nuclei of the patient's atoms, making it...
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Gonçalo Almeida (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2025, 17:00
Laser-Induced Breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful analytical technique used to determine the chemical composition of a sample, by examining the light emitted from a plasma produced on its surface using an intense and short laser pulse.
LIBS offers several advantages over other analytical techniques, making it a valuable tool in a wide range of applications. LIBS requires minimal to...
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João Oliveira28/01/2025, 17:12
This project focuses on the development of wearable sensors for real-time stress monitoring in firefighters, adapting to the unique challenges they face in high-risk environments. The project is centralized on chest-worn devices due to their superior accuracy in recording physiological signals such as ECG and respiratory rate, essential for assessing stress levels. Research investigates...
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António Lourenço (Instituto Superior Técnico)28/01/2025, 17:24
FISSIONIST is a low-power nuclear reactor simulator designed to replicate the operational conditions of the Reactor Português de Investigação (RPI). It will be used for the training of nuclear engineering students by providing a safe and realistic simulation of reactor dynamics.
In this project, the new cooling circuits module will be developed, incorporating the reading of control...
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Matilde Fernandes (IST)29/01/2025, 09:30
Incoherent Diffraction Imaging (IDI) with hard X-rays is a promising improvement in lensless imaging tech- niques, taking advantage of the partial coherence of scattered light to obtain structural insights at the nanoscale. Building on the foundations of Coherent Diffraction Imaging (CDI), IDI uses second-order intensity correlations to reconstruct high-resolution images while overcoming the...
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Maria Lopes29/01/2025, 09:42
Radiotherapy is one of the major therapeutic approaches used in cancer treatment, along chemotherapy and surgery. Current data shows that around 50% of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy for the treatment of local tumors. This methodology is based on the deposition of ionizing energy in tumor cells, commonly through the use of high-energy gamma rays, X-rays, or charged particles, in order to...
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34. Biocompatible flexible photosensors based on 2D materials and crystalline organic semiconductorsAdélia Ferreira29/01/2025, 09:54
Vision is the sense humans rely the most on in daily activities. It is allowed by the presence of natural photoreceptors in the eye that absorb the incident light and transmit the visual inputs to the brain.
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The degeneration of natural photoreceptors in the eye leads to debilitating visual impairments, such as Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) which is one of the leading causes of legal... -
Maria Inês Nunes (Instituto Superior Técnico)29/01/2025, 10:06
Light possesses spatiotemporal characteristics, including amplitude, phase, polarization, and frequency, making it a complete energy and information carrier. As such, we must understand how and to what extent we can manipulate light so that we can use it for applications like optical microscopy, laser-induced nuclear fusion, and material processing. Optical metasurfaces are incredibly useful...
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Joana Bonito (Instituto Superior Técnico)29/01/2025, 10:18
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized many areas of information technology, such as data analysis, automation, predictive modeling, and decision-making processes. However, as we continue to generate and process an ever-growing tsunami of data, the global electricity consumption associated with these operations is becoming a significant concern. Photonics, the science of light...
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Vasco Nunes (Instituto Superior Técnico)29/01/2025, 11:00
Conventional computer hardware suffers from the “memory wall” or von Neumann bottleneck, where data transfer between memory arrays and processors leads to significant latency and energy inefficiencies. A promising solution to this issue is in-memory computing hardware, which integrates memory and computation in the same unit. Neuromorphic computing is one such architecture, designed to emulate...
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Hugo Amaral (Instituto Superior Técnico)29/01/2025, 11:12
Fingerprints are one of the best ways to identify people, they have been used to solve crimes and link suspects to the crime scene for over 100 years, they are one of the most important tools in criminal investigation. Currently fingerprint imaging is done using optical devices, by using magnetic imaging methods instead additional data can be encoded into the fingerprint and used, for example,...
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Mariana Abreu (Instituto Superior Técnico)29/01/2025, 11:24
In real materials, disorder can induce (Anderson) insulating phases. Interestingly, incommensurate or quasiperiodic modulations in crystals can also profoundly affect the localization properties of the electronic wavefunction. As the quasiperiodic perturbation strength increases, single-particle states can transition from delocalized (plane-wave-like), to critical (fractal-like) and finally to...
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Inês Gonçalves29/01/2025, 11:36
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers diamond are versatile quantum systems that combine single photon emission and spin-dependent fluorescence. These properties have made NV centers central in advancements in quantum information and quantum sensing. In particular, NV-based magnetometry leverages the Zeeman Effect to achieve high spatial resolution and sensitivity through the detection of...
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Francisco Dias29/01/2025, 11:48
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42. Magnetic sensors with superior performance: material and design optimization for angular sensingDANIEL MENDONCA29/01/2025, 12:00
Magnetoresistive (MR) sensors measure magnetic field intensities with high precision by leveraging resistance changes. Tunneling Magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors, like other MR sensors, rely on the angular difference between the magnetic moments of the Free Layer (FL) and the Reference Layer (RL) to determine resistance. While TMR sensors excel in sensitivity and performance, a key challenge is...
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Gonçalo Costa (Instiuto superior tecnico)29/01/2025, 12:12
Any theoretical method for the description of nuclear reactions cannot fully describe the nuclear effects inside the nucleus because of the complexity of the nucleus and nuclear forces acting within the nucleus. R-matrix theory does not attempt to describe these forces inside nuclei, but rather uses quantities of internal properties of nuclei as parameters that can be determined from...
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Manuel Afonso dos Santos Ratola29/01/2025, 13:30
The main objective of the project is the study of electromagnetic instabilities in plasmas in the ultra-relativistic regime, focusing on the interaction of electron/positron beams with electron and ion plasmas. This study will be conducted using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations with the OSIRIS numerical code.
The aim is to reproduce, ab initio, the experimental conditions of the program...
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Diogo Lemos (IST)29/01/2025, 13:42
Laser-wakefield acceleration (LWFA) is a research field that explores the production of high-quality particle beams by leveraging the interaction between intense laser pulses and plasma. LWFA holds promise for applications such as X-ray generation, where electron beams with high charge, tunable energy, low energy spread, and minimal emittance are essential. Achieving these beam characteristics...
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João Pedro Nunes29/01/2025, 13:54
The global pursuit of sustainable energy has placed nuclear fusion at the forefront of transformative technologies. My thesis will investigate the Enhanced Dα (EDA) H-mode as a promising no-ELM regime for future fusion reactors, that features the quasi-coherent mode (QCM), which enhances local transport, while avoiding edge-localized modes, and offering high energy confinement, minimal...
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Filipe Ficalho (Instituto Superior Técnico)29/01/2025, 14:06
In this work, we pursue the numerical solution of the Einstein equations to study the behavior of gravitational waves at future null infinity. In this pursuit, we study the hyperboloidal coordinate system and its properties and develop a numerical framework capable of handling some variations of the wave equation in this coordinate system, obtaining promising results.
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Tiago Valente (Instituto Superior Técnico)29/01/2025, 14:18
There is a necessity for efficient and accurate algorithms to simulate events that are expected to appear in LISA’s frequency range in the next few decades. With this work, we are exploring an implicit and time-symmetric integrator in the context of the Teukolsky equation. In theory, this time-domain solver shows some advantages to ordinary integrators such as Runge-Kutta 4 for long-time...
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Vasco Pires (Instituto Superior Técnico)29/01/2025, 14:30
In this project, our first goal is to study the different possibilities for the behaviour of a FLRW universe, focusing on the recollapse solution, born from a White Hole in a Big Bang type of singularity. We start by briefly revising the maximal analytical extension of the white hole, followed by a deep study of the FLRW metric and universe. It was possible to obtain the Friedman equation,...
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Miguel Parreira (Instituto Superior Técnico)29/01/2025, 14:42
In this work, we studied the Schwarzschild solution to the Einstein equations and replicated previously obtained results in order to create a baseline to use on the study of the q-metric. In the q-metric, the curvature Kretschmann scalar and the radial null geodesics on the equatorial plane were studied in order to reach the tortoise coordinate and null coordinate transformations.
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Pedro Teigão (ISR)29/01/2025, 14:54
This work approaches finance through the lens of quantum mechanics, offering a conceptual and mathematical framework beyond traditional stochastic calculus. Tools such as Hamiltonians and path integrals capture complex financial dynamics and correlations, addressing gaps in current methodologies. This perspective enhances theoretical understanding and provides practical tools for navigating...
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Miriam Simões29/01/2025, 15:06
This project focuses on the characterization of a dosimetry system in terms of $H_p(3)$ for eye lens dose assessment. The study aims to validate a dedicated thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) with a LiF:Mg,Cu,P composition for eye lens monitoring, addressing the growing concerns over radiation-induced cataracts among healthcare workers. The project assesses performance under various conditions...
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Francisco Ferreira29/01/2025, 15:18
Epistemological considerations are indispensable in order to interpret science and its results, and at times may even help guide scientific investigation.
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My thesis will consist in a philosophical exploration of the process of cognition and conceptualization that sits at the basis of the production of knowledge, through a comparison of Heisenberg's and Nietzsche's perspective, drawing also... -
Raul Santos29/01/2025, 16:00
This study explores the Lagrangian formulation of General Relativity, a mathematical framework that connects geometry and field theory. Initially developed through the Einstein-Hilbert action, this formulation derives the fundamental Einstein field equations, uniting gravity and matter interactions. I then transitioned to modified gravity theories, emphasizing New Massive Gravity (NMG), a...
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João Coimbra29/01/2025, 16:12
Como explicar conceitos que transformaram a nossa visão do universo? Esta é a missão desta adaptação compacta de uma tese maior, projetada para ensinar Relatividade de forma clara, acessível e dinâmica. A ideia é simples: levar o leitor numa viagem lógica, onde cada conceito surge naturalmente, como um degrau sólido para o próximo passo.
Nesta versão, mergulhamos no clássico problema da...
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João Santos29/01/2025, 16:24
With the recent reconstructed image of Sagittarius A (Sgr A) from the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, interest and curiosity in studying the black hole at the centre of our Galaxy has increased. The entire data collection, including the image, the spectrum and the light polarisation, has motivated and attracted many to develop and analyse different numerical models of the low...
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Gonçalo Martins29/01/2025, 16:36
The Hubble constant $H_{0}$ corresponds to the present time (z=0) value of the Hubble parameter $H(z)$, giving us the Universe’s local expansion rate and providing crucial information about its age and history. When comparing the different results of the $H_{0}$ from the early-time measurements using the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model, and the ones estimated directly from late-time...
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Maria Colaço (Instituto Superior Técnico)29/01/2025, 16:48
The fast-fashion industry’s environmental impact necessitates innovative solutions to improve sustainability and transparency in textile production. This project focuses on developing advanced digital encoders for next-generation smart RFID tags to facilitate the integration of Digital Product Passports (DPPs) in the textile industry. DPPs provide detailed product lifecycle data, enabling...
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3. Descriptive and Predictive Modeling of Chaos in Cold Atom Physics using Explainable Deep LearningMr João Rodrigues (IST PIC2 Website Team)29/01/2025, 17:00
Ultracold atom clouds have garnered significant attention for their intricate dynamics, which may exhibit chaotic behavior and remain without a comprehensive explanatory framework. This work explores these dynamics in a $^{85}$Rb cold atom cloud through the integration of explainable deep learning techniques, given the recent meteoric rise of artificial intelligence (AI). This is employed...
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Iuna Dreyer29/01/2025, 17:12
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is an observational cornerstone of the Hot Big Bang model and a sensitive probe of physics beyond it. Although some analytic approximations can be made, a fully consistent analysis must be done numerically, starting with the classic code by Kawano and leading to the recently developed PRyMordial, a publicly available Python code. An example of physics beyond the...
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Gonçalo Barreto
Introduce the student to research in Beyond the Standard Model, namely Multi-Higgs Doublet Models and softly-broken symmetries.
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